Have you ever wondered why some electric bikes offer smooth and natural pedaling, while others provide assistance that feels more or less abrupt? The answer lies in one key factor: the sensors used to control the electric assistance.
In the electric bike market, two types of sensors dominate: torque sensors and cadence sensors. But what are the differences between these two technologies? Which one delivers the best riding experience? How can you choose the sensor that best suits your riding style? This article will tell you more.
What is a torque sensor?
How it works
Torque sensors are an advanced technology used in high-end electric bikes, especially mountain, sports, and long-distance models. Unlike cadence sensors, they not only detect the movement of the pedals but also measure the force applied by the rider.
The harder you pedal, the more assistance the motor provides. This proportional support makes pedaling feel more natural and intuitive. The intelligently designed system adapts in real time to your riding style, ensuring a smooth and personalized riding experience.
Whether you are starting uphill, accelerating into a turn, or maintaining a steady pace on hilly terrain, this precision allows the e-bike to respond instantly to your needs.
According to the technical definitions provided by the European Cyclists’ Federation, torque sensors accurately measure the force applied to the pedals in order to adjust the motor power in real time.
Integrated technology
The technology behind torque sensors is based on strain gauges located in the crankset, bottom bracket, or sometimes in the rear wheel. These gauges detect the micro-deformations generated by the pressure of the legs while pedaling and convert these signals into data that can be processed by the motor controller.
The measurement accuracy is extremely high, expressed in newton-meters (Nm), a unit used to quantify the applied torque. This level of precision allows for an almost instantaneous adjustment of the motor’s power according to the rider’s variations in effort.
Advantages of torque sensors
One of the main advantages of torque sensors is the natural pedaling feel. The rider feels more powerful without artificial assistance. This pedaling smoothness is particularly noticeable on technical trails, steep climbs, or long rides.
Another major advantage is increased range. Since electric assistance is triggered only according to the actual force applied, battery use is smarter, resulting in longer range on a single charge.
Torque sensors also provide better bike control, especially in tight turns, climbs, or on slippery surfaces. The rider can maintain control over the delivered power, thereby improving safety and steering precision.
For athletes or experienced cyclists, torque sensors offer a more engaging and motivating experience, as assistance always requires effort.
Disadvantages of torque sensors
While torque sensors offer many advantages, they also have drawbacks that should be considered before making a purchase.
E-bikes equipped with these sensors are more expensive due to the complexity of the system and the fragility of the components. While this investment is fully justified for regular cyclists, it may be out of reach for some occasional riders.
The minimum force required to activate the assistance may not suit everyone. Unlike cadence sensors, you need to pedal to engage the motor. This can be a challenge for older riders, those with joint pain, or those who prefer immediate assistance without extra effort.
Replacing or servicing a torque sensor can also be more complex and costly, as it requires more specialized expertise.
What is a cadence sensor?
How it works
A cadence sensor is one of the most common assistance systems found on entry-level and mid-range electric bikes. Its operation is simple: it measures the rotational speed of the pedals, or revolutions per minute (RPM).
Contrary to popular belief, this sensor does not take into account the force applied while pedaling. As soon as you start pedaling, even without applying significant effort, the system detects the movement and automatically activates motor assistance.
This binary operation (pedaling = assistance) makes it easy to understand and use, especially for beginners or riders who prioritize comfort over effort.
Components and technologies used
Cadence sensor technology generally relies on a magnetic disc mounted on the crankset, combined with a magnetic or optical sensor placed nearby. As you pedal, the magnet passes in front of the sensor, which counts your pedal strokes and thus calculates your cadence.
This system is inexpensive to produce, which makes it widely used on many urban electric bikes. It is also relatively easy to maintain and replace in case of a problem.
Although this technology is relatively basic, it works effectively on smooth, flat roads with minimal effort.
Advantages of cadence sensors
The main advantage of a cadence sensor lies in its ease of use. As soon as you start pedaling, the electric assistance activates automatically. This reduces effort, making it a popular choice for many urban riders or those who want to avoid fatigue.
Another advantage is the cost. E-bikes equipped with cadence sensors are more affordable, making them accessible to a wider audience.
Cadence sensors are also very adaptable: you can pedal slowly or quickly, and the bike’s motor provides instant assistance as soon as it detects pedal rotation, regardless of the effort applied. This makes it an ideal option for riders with limited mobility or those who prefer a gentler ride.
Disadvantages of cadence sensors
However, this simple design has its limitations. The main drawback of a cadence sensor is its lack of responsiveness and precision. Assistance activation can take one or two seconds after you start pedaling, which can make the riding experience less smooth, especially when starting or climbing.
The motor’s behavior remains constant, regardless of the pedaling force, which can create a mechanical and unintuitive feeling of assistance. This can sometimes cause sudden, unnatural acceleration that is difficult to control on rough terrain.
Immediate motor activation after even light pedaling can also increase battery consumption and reduce the bike’s range.
Comparison between torque sensors and cadence sensors
The choice between a torque sensor and a cadence sensor depends on the riding experience you want from your electric bike. To help clarify, we have compared the most important criteria for cyclists.
Responsiveness
Torque sensors stand out for their exceptional responsiveness. They react instantly to the pressure applied to the pedals. The result? Smooth, progressive, and immediate assistance. As soon as you pedal a little harder, the motor automatically adapts to support your effort.
In contrast, a cadence sensor may experience a slight delay between the start of pedaling and motor activation, especially when climbing or on a technical trail.
Pedaling feel
With a torque sensor, pedaling remains natural and intuitive. The rider feels perfectly in sync with the bike: the assistance does not replace the effort but extends it. This creates a riding experience very similar to a traditional bike, but with more power.
On the other hand, a cadence sensor can give a somewhat mechanical impression. Even without applying force, a slight pedal movement triggers assistance, making the ride less engaging and more passive. This approach is better suited for relaxed city rides or for those who prefer a casual riding style.
Customization and control
Bikes equipped with a torque sensor offer better control over the delivered power, allowing you to adjust your effort according to the terrain or your physical condition.
With a cadence sensor, control is more limited. The motor runs more consistently, regardless of the applied force. This often requires manual adjustment of the assistance level, which can be inconvenient.
Energy consumption
A frequently overlooked advantage of torque sensors is their ability to better manage the e-bike’s battery range. Since assistance only activates when you pedal hard, the motor reduces unnecessary effort and optimizes energy consumption.
In contrast, a cadence sensor can lead to excessive energy consumption. Since the motor activates immediately when you pedal, even without effort, the battery is more heavily used, especially on long rides.
Price
Bikes equipped with cadence sensors are generally more affordable. Simpler and cheaper to produce, these sensors are found on most entry-level electric bikes or models designed for urban riding.
On the other hand, models with torque sensors are generally more expensive because they target more demanding riders and incorporate more complex components. They are usually found on electric mountain bikes, touring bikes, or high-end performance-focused models.
Recommended LANKELEISI Electric Bikes
If you are looking for daily city rides, optimal comfort, or have a limited budget, a cadence sensor is the ideal choice: simple, affordable, and efficient, it is well suited for everyday use. If you are seeking smooth, natural, and responsive electric assistance, especially for mountain biking or hilly terrain, a torque sensor is your top choice. It provides better energy management and a more intuitive pedaling experience. Here are some recommended LANKELEISI electric bikes equipped with torque sensors:
Models equipped with torque sensors: power and precision
For demanding riders or mountain biking enthusiasts, Lankeleisi prioritizes the integration of torque sensors on its highest-performing models.
LANKELEISI X3000 MAX: This dual-motor electric fat bike is equipped with a torque sensor that adjusts assistance in real time according to pedaling force. On rough terrain or climbs, it ensures instant responsiveness, perfect power control, and optimal range.
LANKELEISI MG800Max: Designed for off-road adventures, this model also features a torque sensor, providing a smooth riding experience even in extreme conditions.
Why does LANKELEISI use torque sensors in its high-end electric mountain bikes?
By integrating torque sensors into its high-end electric mountain bikes, LANKELEISI has significantly improved ride quality, safety, and battery range. The assistance system has become smarter, adapting to the rider’s pace while reducing battery consumption.
FAQ
What is the lifespan of a torque or cadence sensor?
Under normal use, a torque sensor generally lasts between 15.000 and 30.000 kilometers. Cadence sensors are simpler and can often operate longer without requiring special maintenance.
Is it possible to change the type of sensor on an electric bike?
Yes, but this involves complex modifications to the motor, controller, and software. LANKELEISI recommends choosing an electric bike equipped with the appropriate sensor from the start.
Does the type of sensor affect battery range?
Yes. A torque sensor optimizes assistance based on pedaling force, which reduces energy consumption. In contrast, a cadence sensor can use more power if you pedal lightly.
How can I tell which type of sensor is installed on my bike?
If assistance activates as soon as you start pedaling, it is a cadence sensor. If assistance varies according to the force applied, it is a torque sensor. You can also check the user manual or ask your electric bike dealer.
Conclusion
Le choix entre un capteur de couple et un capteur de cadence dépend principalement de vos besoins et de votre style de conduite. Si vous recherchez une assistance plus naturelle et réactive, optez pour un vélo équipé d’un capteur de couple. Pour une solution plus simple et économique, le capteur de cadence reste un excellent choix.
Pour une expérience fluide et sportive, nous recommandons des modèles comme le LANKELEISI X3000 MAX, équipé d’un capteur de couple performant et d’un moteur double de 2000 W. Plus d’informations sont disponibles sur le site officiel de LANKELEISI.
